Konverze disku na RAID

Z KHnetWiki

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Verze z 20. 3. 2007, 16:29

ROZPRACOVÁNO

Power HowTo:
This covers installing a second drive after a system is already up and running single drive.
Make sure you backup all your data... you have been pre warned.

• Primary Disc, lets get its info and record it. I used cfdisk.
• NOTE: Do not change anything.. just TAB to QUIT.
• cfdisk /dev/<yourolddevice>

disc1       Boot, NC    Primary   Linux ext2                          41.13 
disc2                   Primary   Linux swap / Solaris               271.44
disc3                   Primary   Linux ext3                       82030.72

• Secondary Disc, Setup using cfdisk.
• cfdisk /dev/<yournewdevice>

disc1       Boot        Primary   Linux raid autodetect               41.13 
disc2                   Primary   Linux raid autodetect              271.44
disc3                   Primary   Linux raid autodetect            82030.72
Hint --> Linux raid autodetect is type: FD

• create md device nodes

mknod /dev/md0 b 9 0
mknod /dev/md1 b 9 1
mknod /dev/md2 b 9 2
mknod /dev/md3 b 9 3
...

• create raid devices

[root@svn ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/<yournewdevice-partitionA>
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.
[root@svn ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level 1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/<yournewdevice-partitionB>
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
[root@svn ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md2 --level 1 --raid-devices=2 missing /dev/<yournewdevice-partitionC>
mdadm: array /dev/md2 started.
...
You may be asked: 'Continue creating array? y' if the disk was already formated.
[root@svn ~]#

• Check /proc/mdstat
• All devices are in tact however they are degraded..

[root@svn ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid5] [multipath] [raid6] [raid10] 
md2 : active raid1 sdb3[1]
      80108032 blocks [2/1] [_U]
      
md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1]
      264960 blocks [2/1] [_U]
      
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1]
      40064 blocks [2/1] [_U]
      
unused devices: <none>
[root@svn ~]#

• create filesystems
• use the filesystem tools you need to create your filesystem
• NOTE: our /boot is ext2, / is ext3.

[root@svn ~]# mke2fs -j /dev/md0
mke2fs 1.38 (30-Jun-2005)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
10040 inodes, 40064 blocks
2003 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
5 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2008 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        8193, 24577

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 35 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

* mkswap
[root@svn ~]# mkswap /dev/md1   
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 271314 kB
no label, UUID=9d746813-2d6b-4706-a56a-ecfd108f3fe9

* mkfs.ext3 for /
[root@svn ~]# mkfs.ext3 -j /dev/md2
mke2fs 1.38 (30-Jun-2005)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
10027008 inodes, 20027008 blocks
1001350 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
612 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 25 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@svn ~]#

• Mount and Copy Data.

# mount new raid /
[root@svn ~]# mount /dev/md<where you assigned-/-number> /mnt/
# mount new raid /boot
[root@svn ~]# mkdir /mnt/boot
[root@svn ~]# mount /dev/md<where you assigned-/boot-number> /mnt/boot/
# add dirs and mount all other partitions
You need to do this for every partition you had on old disk, to create the new raid device exactly the same.
...
# copy / to new /raid/
[root@svn ~]# cd /mnt
[root@svn mnt]# tar -C / -clspf - . | tar -xlspvf - 
# copy /boot to new /raid/boot
cd /mnt/boot
[root@svn boot]# tar -C /boot -clspf - . | tar -xlspvf -
# copy other partitions
You need to do this for every partition you had on old disk, to create the new raid device exactly the same.
...

• NOTE: CRUCIAL STEP
• edit /mnt/boot/grub/menu.lst
• Note: Make it look like so:
• add "fallback 1" to menu.lst

----- snip -----
default   0
color light-blue/black light-cyan/blue

## fallback disc1
fallback 1

# (0) Arch Linux
title  Arch Linux  [Disc0: /boot/vmlinuz26]
root   (hd0,0)
#kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/discs/disc0/part3 ro
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/md<where you assigned-/-number> 
md=<all your md devices, 
please refer mkinitcpio howto for correct syntax, 
but don't add the old disk partitions at this point> ro

# (1) Arch Linux
title  Arch Linux  [Disc1: /boot/vmlinuz26]
root   (hd1,0)
#kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/discs/disc1/part3 ro
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/md<where you assigned-/-number> 
md=<all your md devices, 
please refer mkinitcpio howto for correct syntax,
but don't add the old disk partitions at this point> ro
----- snip -----

• setup: vi /mnt/etc/fstab for NEW md devices.
• I just commented my old ones out..

#/dev/discs/disc0/part3 / ext3 defaults 0 1
/dev/md2 / ext3 defaults 0 1
#/dev/discs/disc0/part1 /boot ext2 defaults 0 1
/dev/md0 /boot ext2 defaults 0 1
#/dev/discs/disc0/part2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/md1 swap swap defaults 0 0 

• mount /proc and /sys to new raid

mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
mound --bind /proc /mnt/proc

• chroot into new raid system and rebuild initrd

chroot /mnt
# edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf to include 'raid' in HOOKS and place it before 'autodetect'
mkinitcpio -g /boot/kernel26.img
pacman -Rd udev
pacman -S udev
exit

• Install grub on new raid disk, change the numbers according to your setup.

[root@svn /]#grub
grub> root (hd1,0)
 Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0xfd

grub> setup (hd1)
 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
 Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
 Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
 Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd1)"...  16 sectors are
embedded.
succeeded
 Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd1) (hd1)1+16 p
(hd1,0)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/grub.conf"... succeeded
Done
grub>quit
[root@svn /]#

• reboot into new raid disk and not! into old disk, you may need to change bios settings.

/sbin/reboot

• cross fingers ;)
• If system booted fine, add the missing md devices to RAID.

[root@svn ~]# mdadm /dev/md0 -a /dev/<old-disk-partitionA>
mdadm: hot added /dev/<old-disk-partitionA>
[root@svn ~]# mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/<old-disk-partitionB>
mdadm: hot added /dev/<old-disk-partitionB>
[root@svn ~]# mdadm /dev/md2 -a /dev/<old-disk-partitionC>
mdadm: hot added /dev/<old-disk-partitionC>
...
[root@svn ~]

• Check mdstat
• Verify that your RAID is being built.

[root@svn ~]# cat /proc/mdstat 
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid5] [multipath] [raid6] [raid10] 
md1 : active raid1 sda2[0] sdb2[1]
      264960 blocks [2/2] [UU]
      
md2 : active raid1 sda3[2] sdb3[1]
      80108032 blocks [2/1] [_U]
      [>....................]  recovery =  1.2% (1002176/80108032) finish=42.0min speed=31318K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]
      40064 blocks [2/2] [UU]
      
unused devices: <none>
[root@svn ~]#

• finish grub config

----- snip -----
# (0) Arch Linux
title  Arch Linux  [Disc0: /boot/vmlinuz26]
root   (hd0,0)
#kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/discs/disc0/part3 ro
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/md<where you assigned-/-number> 
md=<all your md devices, 
please refer mkinitcpio howto for correct syntax, 
add the old disk partitions at this point> ro

# (1) Arch Linux
title  Arch Linux  [Disc1: /boot/vmlinuz26]
root   (hd1,0)
#kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/discs/disc1/part3 ro
kernel /vmlinuz26 root=/dev/md<where you assigned-/-number> 
md=<all your md devices, 
please refer mkinitcpio howto for correct syntax, 
add the old disk partitions at this point> ro
----- snip -----

• finish initrd

edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
you can now place 'raid' hook behind autodetect and rebuild initrd
mkinitpcio -g /boot/kernel26.img

• Change your bios to normal boot order again.
• You are done, enjoy your new RAID setup :)